The ways in which leadership is presented in the play Julius Caesar Essay Example For Students

The ways in which leadership is presented in the play Julius Caesar Essay Leadership is one of the main themes presented in the play and is presented though the four characters: Cassius, Brutus, Mark Antony, and Caesar. Shakespeare calls the play Julius Caesar but I feel all the four characters have an equivalent part in the play. It is unusual for Shakespeare to kill the person who the play is named after so early on in the play, so it is very unexpected when Julius Caesar is killed in Act Three Scene One. All these main characters share similar leadership traits. The four leaders that Shakespeare presents all have flaws but I think what Shakespeare is trying to illustrate to the audience is that if we mixed up all the good points of all these four characters we would get a perfect leader. I feel the way Shakespeare has presented the leadership of Brutus is the most significant and effective in contrast to the other leaders. I feel that Shakespeare empathizes with Brutus because he awards him a noble death. Brutuss firm optimism is both his supreme asset and his most fatal flaw. We will write a custom essay on The ways in which leadership is presented in the play Julius Caesar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He loves Rome too much and this allows cassius to persuade him to join the conspirators, and Brutuss lack of awareness prevents him from seeing what Cassiuss real motives are. What is it that you would impart to me? If it be aught toward the general good, This shows that Brutus is prepared to listen to anything Cassius has to declare as long as it is for the good of Rome. This shows that Brutus is persuaded easily when the good of Rome is mentioned. Brutus feels that if Caesar continues to be the leader of Rome then Rome will be run under dictatorship and Brutus feels that something must be done before this can happen (I. . Caesar has to be killed. ) This is Brutuss imperfection and is not a good feature of a leader. Contrasting with Brutus, Caesar is steady and cannot be persuaded easily. This is shown when the conspirators try to persuade Caesar to free Publius Cimber by flattering him but Caesar remains as constant as the northern star. I feel that this is a good quality of a leader, to be constant and to not be persuaded easily. Cassius and Mark Antony are similar to Caesar because they are not persuaded easily. Mark Antonys firmness is shown in Act four Scene one, when he condemns the conspirators and their relations to death, he does not consider eliminating Publius, his sisters son. Instead he damns him with a spot. Cassiuss rigidity is shown when he refuses to give up, when persuading Brutus towards the beginning of the play, but towards the end of the play Cassius appears to always give in to Brutus. Cassius has a very influential nature. He cunningly leads Brutus to believe that Caesar has become too powerful and must die. Cassius uses his friendship with Brutus to get what he wants. Cassius has no illusions about the way the political world works. He is a smart speculator and he proves to be successful when he manages to persuade Brutus but he lacks honesty. This is shown in the play when he forges some letters pretending that they are from the plebeians, telling Brutus that he should kill Caesar and they, the people of Rome will support him. This demonstrates that Cassius will even deceive his own friend and use dishonest means to get what he desires. Brutus is an idealist and he is guided by his conflicting emotions this is shown when he is contemplating whether to kill Caesar or to remain loyal to him, he faces a hardship but decides to assist the public good by killing Caesar in order to avoid tyranny. He lacks confidence and ambition and this is illustrated with the fact that he does not lead the conspiracy but he takes part in it. He loves honour more than he fears death because he is not afraid of getting killed for murdering Caesar; instead he is concerned about being honoured for doing his finest for his country. Brutus is not a very persuasive character and also appears to not be a very good orator because he does not appeal to the crowd. Contrasting with Brutus, Antony on the other hand manages to win the crowd over by his powerful speech; this shows a good influential quality of a leader. Antony is similar to Cassius because they both have a persuasive nature. Antony illustrates this nature by winning the crowd over. Cassiuss persuasive nature is shown when he persuades Brutus to join the conspirators. Antony and Cassius are similar also in the way that they speak because they both appeal to the person that they are speaking to. Antony appeals to the crowds greed and Cassius appeals to Brutuss love for the public good. When Antony says: Tis his will Let but the commoners hear this testament. He interests the plebeians and then additionally he says: I do not mean to read. This technique of withholding information and then telling the crowd how they should feel, rouses them and makes them desperate to want to hear what the will declares. At this point Shakespeare makes it clear to the audience that Antony has appealed to the crowds better nature and has successfully won them over. .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b , .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .postImageUrl , .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b , .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:hover , .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:visited , .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:active { border:0!important; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:active , .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1cac64d58e35e21b7a80509058a7010b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Male Representation in the Two Film Versions of the Play 'Romeo ; Juliet' EssayAlso when Cassius sends Brutus the forged letters claiming that they are from the plebeians, Brutus is utterly convinced that the plebeians also believe that eradicating Caesar will be for the public good. Brutus is loved by his servant, his wife and Cassius. Brutus is a respected person so the conspirators want to use him as a figurehead as part of the conspiracy. Brutus has the main qualities of a good leader, he is loved, respected and followed and he cares about the public good. His bad Characteristics are that he allows his emotions to get the better of him and he is not politically astute. He is persuaded easily when the public good of Rome is mentioned. Unlike Caesar, Brutus is able to separate entirely his public life from his private life, by giving his main concern to the matters of Rome. Cassius does not like arguing with Brutus, he is eager for affection not power unlike Caesar who is power hungry. Cassius is resentful of the fact that Caesar loves Brutus and not him. Cassius and Caesar are not sympathetic so they are similar in this way. Caesar is not sympathetic because he condemned Flavius and Marullus to death for speaking against him. Cassius is not sympathetic because he has no self-conflicts about killing Caesar. I feel that the only character that is sympathetic is Brutus. He is the only one that has inner turmoil and is confused. Mark Antony unlike Brutus is also an unsympathetic character in the play. This is clearly shown when Antony says: These many then shall die; their names are pricked. I feel to be sympathetic is a good quality of a leader and this characteristic makes a leader loved by their public. At the beginning of the play Antonys Character is different. Antony does not appear to be very politic instead his character is presented as a fun person who loves music. He seems to be a compassionate, committed friend to Caesar but after Caesars death he changes and appears to be malicious. He is so full of loathing that his character changes entirely and Antony becomes more controlling towards the end of the play. Antony appears callous, without feeling. He is prepared to cut the money that Caesar left for the people in his will. This is shown when he says to Lepidus: To cut of some charge in legacies This proves that Mark Antony is insincere because at first he uses the will to win the crowd over and when he wins them over he does not give them the money that he promised. At this point the audience know Mark Antonys character has altered for the worse. To make unfilled promises is a bad trait of a leader because the crowd could go in opposition to Antony for doing this. Towards the end of the play Antonys character appears child like because he wants to push Lepidus out of favour, and this is shown when he describes Lepidus as a slight ummeritable man. This shows that Antony only wants to share the power with Octavius only and not Lepidus because Octavius is the nephew of Caesar whereas Lepidus is of no relation to Caesar. This desire to eliminate Lepidus hints at Antonys own ambitious nature. The following quotation shows exactly how Antony feels, The three-fold world divided, he should stand One of the three to share it? Antony thinks that he can influence Octavius to follow and pay attention to him but Octavius is shrewder than Antony thought he was. Antony and Lepidus are not getting along and are having disagreements because Antony does not like the way Octavius is ruling. This is a sign of disorder due to the death of their leader, Caesar who the audience believe was an equal to god. Another sign of chaos is shown when Brutus and Cassius have a quarrel, which becomes greater. This rift is clearly shown when Cassius says: Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius For Cassius is aweary of the world: Hated by one he loves; braved by his brother; An additional sign of havoc is shown with the disagreement between Antony and Octavius. When Antony says, Octavius I have seen more days then you this shows that he is trying to gain control and he feels he should decide who should work alongside him and Octavius but Octavius knows that he is the leader and replies Antony be saying hes a tried and valiant soldier. Octavius Caesar is similar to Caesar in this way because he retains his position as the authoritative figure. Octavius is called Caesar towards the end of the play and this shows that he has managed to preserve his commanding position of the next leader after Caesar. .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 , .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .postImageUrl , .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 , .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:hover , .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:visited , .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:active { border:0!important; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:active , .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1 .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bf3ea66f30a34c18af8312012bbc1b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare's Macbeth is a play in which EssayCaesar is the main leader in the play even though he dies quite early. When he dies the Elizabethan audience would not feel sorry for him because of the way his character is presented in the play, as an arrogant leader and he is over ambitious. His flaw is that he cannot separate his public life from his private life and he is hooked on the idea of the plebeians worshiping him. He ignores ill omens and threats against his life as this superstition would appear as a weakness against him. Caesar appears as two different characters. He had two sides to him, the side that he shows the plebeians is the brave and caring leader, but the conspirators come in contact with his other side, which is arrogant and ambitious. He does not allow the people to realise what he really is like and how power hungry he really is. He refuses the crown which is presented to him by Mark Antony, three times, to show the crowd how certain things do not matter to him and this is done in front of the plebeians. Cassius is a good judge of character like Caesar and he knows what the real Caesar is like. He also knows how, with great difficulty Caesar refused the crown. Cassius uses anecdotes about his encounters with Caesar to persuade Brutus to be part of the conspiracy. He says: Ay and that tongue of his, that bade the Romans Mark him and write his speeches in their books, Alas it cried; give me some drink Titinius, As a sick girl, This shows that he has seen a different side to Caesar and he believes that Caesar should not Get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. Caesar thinks that Cassius is a great observer and Cassius shows this quality and so this shows that Caesar is also like Cassius a good judge of character. I feel this is a good quality of a leader. Brutus unlike Caesar and Cassius is not a good judge of character and is naive in this sense. Brutuss commitment to principle repeatedly leads him to make miscalculations: wanting to avoid violence, Brutus ignores Cassiuss suggestion that the conspirators should kill Antony as well as Caesar. In another moment of ignorant optimism, he ignores Cassiuss advice and allows Antony to speak a funeral oration over Caesars body. As a result, Brutus loses the authority of having the last word on the murder and thus allows Antony to rouse the plebeians to riot against him and the other conspirators. Brutus dies a noble death, he kills himself and when he dies Antony entitles him as the noblest Roman of them all Cassiuss death contrasts this because Cassius dies accidentally due to some misjudgement. This shows the difference in position between Cassius and Brutus. Even though Brutus was not politically astute he deserved a noble death because he had the right purpose and Shakespeare presents his character to the audience as a good person. Caesar is killed but his significance is preserved even after he is dead. This is shown when his ghost appears and relates the play back to Caesar. This is a technique that Shakespeare uses to remind the audience who the play is about. All the characters that present leadership have imperfections. Caesar cannot separate his private life from his public life unlike Brutus who puts his priorities first. Brutus has self-conflict and cares too much about the public good. Contrasting with Brutus, Cassius just wants to get rid of Caesar because he does not like the idea of Caesar appearing godlike in the eyes of the crowd. He does not care about the public good and is not afraid to use his friendship with Brutus to get what he wants. Mark Antony is a loyal and caring friend towards Caesar but when Caesar dies he becomes vengeful and cannot see beyond avenging Caesars death. Caesar, Cassius and Mark Antony are all similar because they are not sympathetic characters, whereas Brutus is sympathetic. I feel all the leaders have good features but none of them are perfect as leaders. I feel that Brutus is not politically astute and due to this he makes many miscalculations. Brutus is respected in the play and has a certain position of superiority. This is what would make Brutus a good leader. Brutus is not very persuasive because he fails to appeal to the crowd. Contrasting this Mark Antony is very persuasive as he manages to win the crowd over. Caesar is the main leader in the play but he dies quite early. He reappears as a ghost. This shows that even though he is dead, he still manages to have an effect on Brutus. The fact that Octavius has the last say in the play shows that he is the next leader. I feel that the audience is sympathetic towards Brutus because of his conflicting emotions and confusion. Brutus dies nobly shows that he deserved a noble death because he wanted the best for Rome. Brutus only committed murder because he thought killing Caesar would assist Rome.

Teachers and Standardized Testing Pressure

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Bubonic Plague Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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How newspaper work - Essay Example The article by Michael D. Shear and Peter Baker talks of the political hullabaloo around the increase in restrictions revolving the use of firearms in America. While doing so, it also takes into account several of the problems that affect legislation in this regard. This includes the lobbying that is done by many people who are a part of the firearms industry. This article explores the legal aspects of the problem that affects many parts of the United States of America (2013). Another aspect that the article explores is that of the immediate provocation for the government to initiate these proceedings. This is the shooting that took place in Connecticut recently. This took the lives of many young people as a result of the lax laws related to the possession of firearms within America (Aarthun and Candiotti, 2012). These laws have then to be looked into in a more serious and critical way and new methods have to be found out so as to deal with these problems. The article also talks abou t the problems that the government is likely to run into with the companies that manufacture firearms. Such companies would be hit hard due to the problems associated with that of the reduction of the use of firearms (Holland, 2013). This would then lead to problems where lobbying has to be dealt with in a firm manner since lax laws have led to high rates of violence within America. (Warning shot: Gun violence lands US lowest life expectancy among rich nations, 2013). One of the most important

MENTORING PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MENTORING PROJECT - Essay Example The beneficiary allows the European Commission, the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency and the National Agencies to make available and use all data provided in this report for the purposes of managing and evaluating the Youth in Action Programme. All personal data collected for the purpose of this project shall be processed in accordance with Regulation (EC) NÂ ° 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies. Data subjects may, on written request, gain access to their personal data. They should address any questions regarding the processing of their personal data to the Agency (National or Executive) in charge of the management of their application. For projects selected at national level, data subjects may lodge a complaint against the processing of their personal data with the authority in charge of data protection in their country at an y time. For projects selected at European level, complaints may be lodged with the European Data Protection Supervisor at any time. The beneficiary declares having informed the promoters and participants in its project on the provisions and practices regarding data protection applied under the Youth in Action programme Beneficiary Name, stamp (if available): Legal representative Name in capital letters: Place: Signature: Date: Part I. Project identification and summary (cont.) Type of Activity Please tick the box corresponding to the project for which you are submitting this final report. This project was of the following type: (tick one box only)  National Youth Meeting  Trans-national Youth Seminar Please specify the main target (only for National Youth Meeting):  debating relevant topics to the Structured Dialogue or EU policies  preparing the official youth Presidency event  organising activities linked to the European Youth Week  enhancing dialogue and cooperation between formal and non-formal education areas Relevance to the general objectives of the Youth in Action Programme Please tick relevant box(es). The project:  promotes young people’s active citizenship in general and their European citizenship in particular;  develops solidarity and promotes tolerance among young people, in particular in order to foster social cohesion in the European Union;  fosters mutual understanding between young people in different countries;  contributes to developing the quality of support systems for youth activities and the capabilities of civil society organisations in the youth field;  promotes European cooperation in the youth field. Relevance to the priorities of the Youth in Action Programme Please tick relevant box(es). Permanent thematic priorities  European Citizenship  Participation of young

Tribal friendly rights and government apathy

Tribal friendly rights and government apathy Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA), Forest Rights Act and the tribal situation in India â€Å"The interplay of tribal friendly rights and government apathy† Introduction The enactment of the PESA (The panchayat extension to schedule areas act, 1996) aimed for devolution of power to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in the scheduled areas at the grass-root level. While, the FRA (Forest Rights Act, 2006) emphasizes on recognition of claim over the forestland of which the tribals have been inhabitants for generations. However, the legislation has been unsuccessful in mainstreaming the tribals; as well as there have been serious cases of violation creating uproar among the indigenous communities. Since, both the legislation have interdependence in terms of their functioning it becomes very important for one to have a clear understanding of both the acts and their implication in present settings. The paper is an attempt to discuss the so-called tribal friendly acts the PESA and the FRA. The paper starts with the historical background that lead to the formation of the acts followed by some basic features of the act laid down for identifying the basic righ t of the tribal population and their claim over rights. The discussion follows with a case study on violation of these rights. Forests Rights Act 2006 Historical Background The first enactment of the forest rights act was during the colonial periods in British India in the year 1865. The British government drafted the act to oversee the claims by different communities who used the forest traditionally for centuries to procure minor forest produce. On the other hand, the act empowered the British government to demarcate any forest as government forest and accordingly make rules for its management. In fact, the 1865 act termed the forest as worthless and the communities could use it unhindered. However, soon when the demand for use of timber in the railways rise the colonial government embarked upon the idea of bringing a new act that could curtail free use of forest produce. The previous act defined unhindered use of forest produce but the new act specified issue of unwarranted arrest of anyone found offending the new law. Thus, the new law exercised the full control of the state over the forests. Under previous act, any land that has green cover can be declared as a forestland. However; the provisions itself restricted the state to plant trees on a barren land and declare it a forestland. The earlier act also had no mentioning of principles on which a state or certain communities could manage a forest. Similarly, rights on hunting and grazing unmentioned under the previous act, which individuals were accustomed-to. Thus, the colonial government allowed the use of forest by the communities as a privilege but with no legal sanction. In this way, the colonial Government set out to draft a new law where it could exercise full control over a forest. Thus, under the new draft the categorization of forest made (reserved, protected or village) basing upon its valuable use for future and provisions made to safeguard the same. A restriction on grazing was mandated and protection of certain species of plants maintained by the new law to disallow the communities to withdraw minor forest produce including timber. Thus, the Indian Forest Act of 1867 came into being inclu ding all the provision where the state had full control over the Indian forest. The new act also took under consideration of the communities that practiced shifting cultivation by settlements made by the appointed settlement officer on claims made. Thus, new set of provisions clearly demarcated the category of forest to be a reserve, protected or a village forest. However, certain amendments were made to the existing forest acts of 1867, as amended acts of 1927 that included the provisions of imprisonment to violators of the previous acts. Provisions like levying of duties on extracting the timber produce out of the forest. Nevertheless, some consolation were also made on grazing of animals because of increasing conflict between the forest dwellers and the officials. THE SCHEDULED TRIBES AND OTHER TRADITIONAL FOREST DWELLERS (RECOGNITION OF FORESTS RIGHTS) ACT, 2006 The ministry of tribal affairs implements the provisions made under the act. The act came into effect from 31.12.2007. The present act aims at recognizing the forest rights and occupations of the traditional forest dwellers who have been residing in the forestland for generations. The act also has provisions to legitimate the claims of present forest dwellers of their ancient lands whose rights could not be recorded during the colonial period and ensures the same through a framework. However, the right does not allow the unhindered use of the forestland. A traditional dweller can use the forestland for livelihoods only if sustainable for the forest and guarantees to maintain ecological balance as well as the diversity. Some amendments were also made in 2012 regarding the disposal and sale of minor forest produce with exemption from any fees or royalties. Some basic provisions of the act are as follows: An individual if belonging to a member of a traditional forest dwelling community has the right to reside in a forestland for the purpose of habitation or any socio-economic activities like cultivation One can collect minor forest produce within or beyond the village boundary if a traditional forest dweller Community rights to fishing and grazing of cattle if belonging to nomadic or pastoral communities Provisions of community tenure for primitive tribes over a forest land For claims over a piece of land by conversion of pattas to titles by the local authority The act provisions conversion of old unsurveyed forest villages into revenue villages whether or not it had any previous evidence of any form of ratification Customary rights to traditional forest dweller over village forest Non-diversion of forest land that involves felling of not more than 75 trees per hectare for government structure like schools, hospitals, anganwadis or electric/telephone lines or any other government projects Prior permission of gram sabha if at all such structures are built for benefit of the people A community has to be resettled and equally compensated if displaced from a conserved or protected forest that to with prior permission of the gram sabha Panchayat (Extension to Schedule Areas) Act 1996 Historical background of the act The act was enacted as an extension to the 73rd amendment act, for self-governance at grass-root level in schedule v and schedule VI areas. The formation of the schedule areas can be traced back to history during the colonial period with the delineating of extremely backward tribal regions into schedule areas. The areas were scheduled under the Scheduled District Act of 1874, further classification into two broad categories were made under the Government of India Act of 1935. The northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram declared as schedule VI areas whereas the rest of the tribal areas in different states delineated as schedule V areas. The government of India during the implementation of the Panchayati Raj Act found it difficult to exclude the schedule areas under its ambit. Since, the schedule areas act does not provide legal sanctions to the 73rd amendment. There was also huge uproar since the Tribal Advisory Council and the Autonomous District Council in the schedule V and schedule VI areas respectively holds exclusive rights to administer tribal areas. Moreover, the respective council holds exclusive power to repeal or amend any legislation regarding the administration of the schedule areas under its jurisdiction. Thus, the government of India in 1994 set up a committee chaired by Dileep Singh Bhuria to submit recommendations on providing a framework for administration of the scheduled areas. All the provisions in the 73rd amendment are applicable in schedule areas but only with certain exceptions and modifications. The PESA provisions for democratic participation in decision-making processes at grass-root level, the basic features of the act are as follows: provisions for panchayat to safeguard the customary laws and traditional social and religious practices Rights for villages or habitation to manage its affairs according to traditional and customary laws Gram sabha to safeguard the traditions and customs of the people and resolve dispute according to the customary laws Gram sabha to approve all government developmental projects at village level Gram sabha to decide on the identification of beneficiaries for government schemes Proportionate reservation of seats in panchayat elections Gram sabha or panchayats to decide on land acquisition for development projects with proper rehabilitation of the affected person Panchayat or gram sabha to grant mining lease and prospecting license for minor minerals Concerned state government through panchayats and gram sabha to prevent alienation of land alienated illegally and restoration of such land to ensure management of minor water bodies Case studies The case of Niyamgiri tribes A serious violation of Forest Rights Act and PESA can be seen in Niyamgiri where the Orissa government signed a joint agreement with the state owned Orissa Mining Corporation and the Vedanta Alumina to set up an alumina refinery. The region is the place of indigenous Dongaria tribes who have lived there for almost two centuries. The company plans to extract bauxite from the Niyamgiri hills; for its proposed alumina refinery at Lanjigarh in the Koraput district of Orissa. The hills are also their place of worship for generations, to a male deity â€Å"Niyam Raja Penu.† The Dongaria tribes consider themselves the descendants of the Niyam raja. Thus, the Niyamgiri hills are not just a place of cultural heritage to the tribal community but also of economic importance to the state government for its rich bauxite mines. The government in its series of violation granted mining lease without the consultation of the local tribes. The government also hurried in giving environmental clearance to let the company to set up its unit without studying the environmental impacts of the project. The company in its part violated the basic norms of not conducting the gram sabhas or consulting the panchayats to carry on the project. Moreover, there is no concrete plan of rehabilitation and resettlement of the tribes facing displacement due to the project. The local tribes on the other hand have no plans to negotiate with the company, since they consider it as an invasion into their homeland. The government in its obsession to pursue economic desires violated the fundamental rights of its own citizens against all legalities. The central empowered committee of the Supreme Court also found lot of illegalities against the central government in granting mining lease to the company. Moreover, the region belongs to the sc heduled areas thus it becomes a serious issue since the constitution mandates non-transfer of tribal land to non-tribal. Apart from being rich in minerals, the region is also a place of numerous wildlife animals declared vulnerable. The Dongaria known for their primitive way of life are alien to the outside world. They have been practicing sustainable agriculture depending upon the forest for their livelihood. The name Dongaria itself derives its name from dongar that means ones whose agriculture land are at the hills. However, the Supreme Court ruling on November 27, 2007 provided some respite to the agitating tribal by putting temporary ban on bauxite mining. On the other hand, it also provided the company with an escape clause to request for fresh proposal if it abides by all the guidelines pertaining to the law. Despite regular opposition, the government is adamant to its decision to give the company a free run. Repeated protest from the civil society and Ngo’s has also undeterred the government in its stance. Nevertheless, the government looks keen to facilitate the company in whatsoever situation or allegation of violation of any constitutional rights. Conclusion Although, certain legislations have been implemented starting from the colonial to the post-independence era in the name of tribals they lacked basic understanding of the tribal rights. The acts and laws on one hand guarantees to safeguard the fundamental rights as enshrined in the constitution. On the other hand, the state itself comes up as the biggest violator of the rights of its citizen. The tribal communities have been subjugated to exploitation from time to time and their voices suppressed by use of force by the state. The acts as always termed to be tribal friendly and talks of promoting their rich cultural and social values along with an aim to mainstream them with various developmental projects. However, the state has always failed in its every attempt to listen the voices of the marginalized and still alienates them from not only their land but from worldly affairs. References Guha, R. (1983). Forestry in British and post-British India: A historical analysis.Economic and Political Weekly, 1882-1896. Ray, S., Saini, S. (2011). Development and Displacement: The Case of an Opencast Coal Mining Project in Orissa.Sociological Bulletin, 45-64. Sahu, G. (2008). Mining in the Niyamgiri Hills and tribal rights.Economic and Political Weekly, 19-21. Sharan, R. (2005). Alienation and restoration of tribal land in Jharkhand: Current issues and possible strategies.Economic and Political Weekly, 4443-4446. Upadhyay, S. (2003). JFM in India: Some legal concerns.Economic and Political Weekly, 3629-3631.

Pheidias :: Essays Papers

Pheidias Often credited as being the â€Å"greatest† of all Ancient Greek sculptors, Pheidias, was a man gifted with both talent and turmoil. No one specific piece can definitely be attributed to the artist, but historical record suggests that he was the supervisor and main sculptor for works such as the Athena Parthenos and the Zeus for the temple at Olympia. Because many sculptures often attributed to him were designed with large quantities of gold and ivory, he is believed to have been extremely proficient with fine materials. He was Athenian; this scholars do not debate. His master is said to have been Agelades of Argos, though there is no proof to substantiate the claim#. Many believe that the majority of his pieces were commissioned by the city of Athens and, in turn, attribute many large public monumental sculptures to Pheidias, even though the dates do not always support this. Through my research, I agree with R.G. Haggar, that his career was launched when he was commissi oned to sculpt an Athenian monument to Marathon. Scholars argue whether or not the funds for this project came from the spoils of the war, or the Athenian government. In several ancient texts the name Pheidias appears and seems to always be followed by a positive statement about his sculpture. Plotinus (third century AD) writes of the giant statue of Zeus at Olympia and praises Pheidias for his skill, but the only proof that scholars and art historians have that the statue even existed is a coin that depicts an image similar to the way the statue is described#. R.G. Haggar contends that â€Å"the Parthenon statues remain the greatest monument to his genius† (Haggar 22), but does not believe he sculpted the majority of the images himself. Haggar believes that his role as â€Å"supervisor† over the massive commission was crucial to the presentation of the famed Athenian battles. Less than a year after the completion of the Athena Parthenos, Pheidias was brought to trial: the charge, embezzlement. A.W. Lawrence, who does not give specific sources, believes that he was exonerated from the embezzlement charges because all of the precious metal from the statue could be weighed. After the charge failed, he was again charged, publicly, this time with both misapp ropriating public funds and sacrilege. The latter charge existed because he had depicted himself and Perikles on the shield held by Athena.

Principles for implementing duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young people settings Essay

Ci) Organisational requirements for dealing with complaints The setting should have Concerns and Complaints Policy in place. The main aim of it is to ensure that complaints procedure is properly and effectively implemented and that service users feel confident that their complaints and worries are listened to and acted upon promptly and fairly. When dealing with complaints the setting are to ensure that service users and their representatives, carers and visitors are aware of how to complain and that company provides easy to use opportunities for them to register complaints. A named person is responsible for administration of the procedure. Every written complaint is acknowledged within two working days investigations into written complaints are held within 28 days, all complaints are responded to in writing by the setting complaints are dealt with promptly, fairly and sensitively with due regard to the upset and worry that they cause to both staff and service users. The setting believes that complaints are best dealt with on a local level between the complainant and the home, but if either of the parties is not satisfied by a local process the case should be referred to the Care Quality Commission. Legal requirements for dealing with complaints Legal requirement for dealing with complaints is to follow Health and Social Care Act 2010 and National Minimum Standards – complaint policy. These standards require care home managers to have clear procedures that enable service users to make their views, concerns and worries known, and that reassure them that appropriate action will be taken. Policies and procedures for dealing with suspicion or evidence of physical, financial or material, psychological or sexual abuse, neglect, self harm or degrading behaviour should also be put in place. Standards require that every care home: have clear and effective complaints procedure, which includes the stage of, and time scales, for the process. Other legal requirements to take into consideration ‘Data Protection Act 1998’, any information must be stored as stated in the act and all members of staff must be familiar with this and follow the guidelines. Human Rights Act, GSC codes of Practice and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 to empower and protect people who may lack capacity to make some decisions for themselves. Cii) Describe how best to respond to complaints from service users, other practitioners and the family of service users. Respond openly and appropriately to any comment or complaint made to you. If a complaint is made to you then you should ensure the individual making it understands how to use the complaints procedure, explain how it works and when they can expect to receive a response. Offer support in following the procedure to the individual making the complaint if appropriate. Advise your manager. Do not discourage individuals from making complaints or discuss complaints with colleagues or anyone other than your manager and do not promise to ‘sort it out’.

Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six Essay

Descartes talked about the true and the false, and how we make mistakes in Meditation Four. Descartes believed that error as such is not something real that depends upon God, but rather is merely a defect. And thus there is no need to account for my errors by positing a faculty given to me by God for this purpose(546). He thought that the reason why we make mistakes is that the faculty of judging the truth, which we got from God, is not infinite(546). When Descartes focused more closely on more closely on himself and inquired into the nature of his errors, he noted that errors depend on the simultaneous concurrence of two causes: intellect and will(547). He didn’t believe that God ought to have given us a greater faculty of knowing than he did(547). So we cannot make no mistakes like God. Then Descartes raised a question that can he complain that the will or free choice he have received from God is insufficiently ample or perfect(547). After using paragraphs talking about it, Descartes perceived that the power of willing is not the cause of his errors, for it is most ample as well as perfect in its kind(548). This idea is similar to Augustine’s ides in On Free Choice of the Will. Then he thought if he held off from making a judgment when he do not perceive what is true with sufficient clarity and distinctness, it is cleat that he was acting properly and not committing an error(548). In the end, he said he would indeed attain it if only he paid enough attention to all the things that he perfectly understand, and separate them off from the rest, which he apprehended more confusedly and more obscurely(549). Descartes talked about the essence of material things and prove that God exists again. Descartes said that it is obvious that whatever is true is something, and he have already demonstrated at some length that all that he know clearly is true(550). Then he thought that it is obvious to anyone who pays close attention that existence can no more be separated from God’s essence than its having three angles equal to two right angles can be separated from the essence of a triangle(551). So existent belongs to the essence of God. Descartes can no more think of God as not existing than he can think of mountain without a valley(550). Actually, I do really agree with Descartes’ prove process, even if I do not agree with some of his conclusion. I think the way he prove things is rational and logical. He thought we should raise some ideas which he has no doubt about it. Then he use them to prove things. It just like what Euclid did in Elements. Raise some Axioms first, then use them to prove all others and build the whole system. Elements presents them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference(3). But the key point to get a true conclusion and build a logical system is to find the correct Axioms or foundations. I have to say that Axioms or foundations changes because of the religion and the development of science. For example, the Axioms of the theory of relativity are different from the classical physics’ Axioms because human know more about the nature. Descartes thought that necessary existence belongs to the essence of God in Meditation Five, and take it as a foundation. But there must be someone does not think so. He thought that because of his brief. But someone may not believe in God. I think Axioms or foundations might be various depends on individual difference and timed difference. But I think if you can raise your own Axioms or foundations build a logical system and make sense, it well be good for sure. We cannot get the truth straightly, it just like we climb up cockle stairs. And all Axioms and foundations and knowledge systems which are built by different foundations does contribute to achieving the truth. Without the old foundations and the system built by them, we cannot have new recognizing and raise new foundations to build new system and approach the truth. Works Cited Descartes. â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy. † Classics of Western Philosophy. Cahn, Steven M. 8th Edition. Cambridge, IN: Hackett Pub, 2012. 47-79. Print. â€Å"Euclid. † Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 10 June 2013. Web. 7 July 2013.

Quotes by One Tree Hill Character Lucas Scott

Quotes by 'One Tree Hill' Character Lucas Scott It must be terrible to discover that your father has another family  and he has been denying your existence for years. This is what Lucas Scott has to deal with on the TV show One Tree Hill, which showcases Lucass emotions as he tries to create his own identity. If you have already watched episodes of One Tree Hill, these quotes from Lucas can help you better understand his character. Lucas Scott on Life Many people die with  music  still in them. Why is that so? Too often its because they are always getting ready to live. Before they know it, times run out. But I cant do it. And even worse, I dont know why I cant do it. You know, its like, no matter how confusing or screwed up life got, the game always made sense. It was mine, you know. And in a lot of ways, its who I am. But I cant be that person in their gym or in their uniforms or ... in their world. Ever wonder how long it takes to change your life? What measure of time is enough to be life-altering? Is it four years, like high school? One year? An eight-week walking tour? Can your life change in a month or a week or a single day? Were always in a hurry to grow up, to go places, to get ahead ... but when youre young, one hour can change everything. Katherine Anne Porter once said: There seems to be a kind of order in the universe ... in the movement of the stars and the turning of the Earth and the changing of the seasons. But human life is almost pure chaos. Everyone takes his stance, asserts his own right and feelings, mistaking the motives of others and his own. Most of our life is a series of images. They pass us by like towns on the highway. But sometimes, a moment stuns us as it happens. And we know that this instant is more than a fleeting image. We know that this moment ... every part of it ... will live on forever. Needing Help Sometimes, its easy to feel like youre the only one in the world whos struggling, whos frustrated, or unsatisfied or barely getting by. That feeling is a lie.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦ we all need a little help sometimes. Someone to help us hear the music in the world, to remind us that it won’t always be this way. That someone is out there. And that someone will find you.† Random Musings What are you, Keith? An angel? A bad dream? Did you ever look at a picture of yourself and see a stranger in the background? It makes you wonder how many people have pictures of you. I was there but not to kill you. I saved your life, but I should have let you burn. Theyre afraid people might find out who they are before they find it out themselves. So Im confused. You want to be anonymous, and you let the world watch you on a web cam.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Essay Example For every minute he waits by the side for a medical team, his chances for survival becomes slim and his chances of leading a normal life, if he recovers, fade away (American Health Association, 2007). The proposal directly responds to the call by VHA Health Foundation projects related to hospital preparedness. It calls for an emergency procedure that doctors want performed on patients to allow CVD victims to reach hospitals still alive and breathing. It follows the normal flow of proposals, starting with introduction and procedure to budget preparations and conclusion (Hale, Phale D., 1999). The budget details the project cost of the entire project, estimating expenses from the time the concept began to the time it is completed. There maybe other incidental expenses that may just happen in the course of the project, but these unexpected expenses should be considered more or less in the project itself (Volunteering Queensland, 2007). The conclusion summarizes what the proposal wants to project, highlighting its crucial components to convince donors to provide funding. I think the proposal stands a good chance of being funded, but like most other proposals it is entirely possible that it is also rejected. When that case happens, I need to study my proposal some more and det

People, Place and Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

People, Place and Environment - Essay Example Heavy Industrialization, increased, automobile use, increased usages of fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides in agricultural lands, dumping of toxic substances like e-wastages, deforestation etc are polluting, our environment in many ways. In fact people contribute heavily to the global warming and climate changes problems. If we continue to pollute our environment and places in the same rate as we do now, all life forms in this world could be destroyed in near future itself. This paper analyses the connection between people, place and the environment and the ways in which people are destroying the environment. â€Å"The issue of global climate change and what to do about it has put economics to a severe test in which economists have been challenged to think afresh about how to model such fundamental notions as risk, uncertainty, and discounting†(Weitzman, p.703). It is difficult for us to avoid the growth of agriculture or industries in order to preserve the environment. At the same time it is possible for us to reduce the environmental problems caused by our own injudicious activities. For example, plastic is one of the major villains which cause huge problems to the environment. It should be noted that unlike many of the other materials, plastic may not be destroyable after use. In other words, plastic has the ability to survive the natural biodegradation process. Thus accumulation of plastic may takes place in the environment because of its ability to survive for longer periods. People have the habit of using plastic carry bags while they purchase something from shopping malls.